What changes?
Very long lines make the return to the next line harder; very short lines interrupt phrases. Adjust the text column with the type size and the actual reading context.
Use it in your work
Try roughly 45–75 characters as a starting range for body text, then read it.
A common mistake
Stretching an article to the full width of a large monitor.
Character counts are a heuristic; language, font, and task change the result.